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1.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 83(2): 120-129, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-702997

ABSTRACT

La toxocariasis es una infección parasitaria producida por un helminto que en el ser humano no alcanza su estadio adulto. El hombre es para sus especies, Toxocara canis y Toxocara cati, un hospedador paraténico. Dicha infección puede producir el síndrome de larva migrans visceral, el síndrome de larva migrans ocular y la toxocariasis inaparente. En el síndrome de larva migrans visceral el compromiso de órganos puede incluir hígado, pulmón, piel, sistema nervioso, musculoesquelético, riñón y corazón. Sobre este último, cada vez se reconoce más la importancia que pueden tener las manifestaciones cardiovasculares de la toxocariasis y la relevancia clínica de considerarlas. En el presente artículo, haciendo una búsqueda sistemática de información, se revisan los principales aspectos clinicopatológicos de las manifestaciones cardiovasculares de la toxocariasis incluyendo su fisiopatología, hallazgos de laboratorio, diagnóstico y opciones terapéuticas, con el objeto de llamar la atención acerca de la importancia de esta zoonosis y su relevancia para la medicina cardiovascular en adultos y en niños.


Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection produced by helminths that cannot reach their adult stage in humans. For their etiological species (Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati), man is a paratenic host. Infection by such helminths can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, such as: visceral larvae migrans syndrome, ocular larvae migrans syndrome and covert toxoca-riasis. In the visceral larvae migrans syndrome, the organs that are mainly involved include liver, lungs, skin, nervous system, muscles, kidneys and the heart. Regarding the latter, the importance of cardiovascular manifestations in toxocariasis, as well as its clinical relevance, has increasingly begun to be recognized. The current article is based on a systematic information search, focused mainly on the clinical and pathological aspects of cardiovascular manifestations in toxocariasis, including its pathophysiology, laboratory findings, diagnosis and therapeutical options, with the objective of highlighting its importance as a zoonosis and its relevance to the fields of cardiovascular medicine in adults and children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/parasitology , Toxocariasis/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Eosinophilia/parasitology , Eosinophilia/therapy , Myocarditis/parasitology , Myocarditis/therapy , Toxocariasis/physiopathology , Toxocariasis/therapy
2.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 52(5): 243-246, Sept.-Oct. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-563000

ABSTRACT

Toxocara canis is a common canine nematode parasite and one of its possible transmission mechanisms is the predation of infected rodents by canids. Fifty Rattus norvegicus were used to study behavioral alterations in rodents infected by T. canis larvae. The rats were divided into three groups: G1, 20 rats infected with 300 T. canis eggs; G2, 20 rats infected with 2,000 T. canis eggs; and G3, 10 non-infected rats. Thirty and 60 days post-infection, rats from all the groups were submitted to an open-field apparatus for five min and subsequently, to an elevated plus-maze apparatus, again for five min. The data obtained indicated improvement in mobility (total locomotion time and rearing frequency) and exploratory behavior in infected rats, principally in G2, which provides some support for the hypothesis that behavioral alterations in rodents infected by Toxocara canis larvae enhance the transmission rate of this ascarid to dogs.


Toxocara canis é um nematódeo parasita habitual do intestino delgado de cães. Um dos mecanismos conhecidos de transmissão para cães é representado pela predação de pequenos roedores que, como hospedeiros paratênicos albergam larvas de Toxocara canis em seus tecidos. Para avaliar a ocorrência de alterações de comportamento em roedores infectados por Toxocara canis 50 exemplares de Rattus norvegicus foram utilizados no experimento. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: G1 - 20 ratos infectados com 300 ovos de Toxocara canis; G2 - 20 ratos infectados com 2.000 ovos de Toxocara canis e G3 - 10 ratos sem infecção. Trinta e 60 dias após a infecção avaliou-se a ocorrência de alterações comportamentais nos três grupos submetendo os animais, primeiramente, a uma arena de campo aberto durante cinco minutos e, a seguir, a labirinto em cruz elevado por mais cinco minutos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram aumento significativo da mobilidade (tempo total de movimentação e número de vezes em que os animais se levantaram nas patas traseiras) e comportamento exploratório nos ratos infectados, principalmente nos pertencentes ao G2, sugerindo a ocorrência de alterações comportamentais que favoreceriam a transmissão de Toxocara canis para canídeos por meio de relação presa-predador.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Toxocara canis , Toxocariasis/complications , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Motor Activity/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Toxocariasis/physiopathology , Toxocariasis/transmission
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 51(2): 73-75, Mar.-Apr. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-511827

ABSTRACT

The muscular strength of experimental infected Rattus norvegicus with 3rd. stage Toxocara canis larvae was investigated. Fifty Wistar rats, divided in three groups (G1 - 20 rats infected by 300 eggs of T. canis; G2 - 20 rats infected by 2,000 eggs of T. canis and G3 - 10 rats without infection) had been used. Ten and 30 days after infection the muscular strength in the fore-feet of the rats was checked; at the same time, the body weight was determined. No significative differences in the body weight were noted among the infected and control rats in both occasions. Otherwise, an impairment on the muscular strength was observed in rats infected with T. canis 30 days after inoculation.


Roedores são reconhecidos como hospedeiros paratênicos de Toxocara canis. Um dos mecanismos de transmissão desse ascarídeo para cães, seus hospedeiros habituais, consiste na predação de hospedeiros paratênicos, que albergam larvas de terceiro estágio em seus órgãos e tecidos, entre os quais músculos estriados. No presente trabalho estudou-se se a infecção por larvas de Toxocara canis provoca alterações na força muscular de exemplares de Rattus norvegicus experimentalmente infectados. Cinqüenta Rattus norvegicus foram divididos em três grupos: G1, com 20 ratos infectados com 300 ovos de Toxocara canis; G2, com 20 ratos infectados com 2.000 ovos do ascarídeo e G3, com 10 ratos sem infecção. Dez e 30 dias após a infecção determinou-se a força muscular nas patas dianteiras dos roedores; ao mesmo tempo, avaliou-se seu peso corporal. Não foram observadas diferenças no peso dos animais dos três grupos; contudo, verificou-se decréscimo na força muscular dos ratos infectados com 2.000 ovos após o 30º dia de infecção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Muscle Strength/physiology , Toxocara canis , Toxocariasis/physiopathology , Parasite Egg Count , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
4.
Rev. méd. Hosp. Säo Vicente de Paulo ; 11(26): 80-2, jan.-jun. 2000. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-285505

ABSTRACT

Larva migrans visceral é uma infecção universal que ocorre mais frequentemente em crianças menores de 10 anos de idade, caracterizada por febre, hepatomegalia, doença pulmonar e eosinofilia. O agente é o ascaris intestinal de cães e gatos. O benefício das drogas anti-helmínticas não está definido. O tratamento com tiabendazol, albendazol ou mebendazol está indicado nas complicações da doença. A transmissão da infecção pode ser prevenida estimulando as crianças a lavarem suas mãos após brincarem em áreas onde há cães


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Toxocariasis/physiopathology , Larva Migrans, Visceral/diagnosis , Larva Migrans, Visceral/etiology , Larva Migrans, Visceral/prevention & control , Larva Migrans, Visceral/drug therapy , Acids, Heterocyclic , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases, Parasitic
5.
Arq. Inst. Penido Burnier ; 36(1): 15-8, jan. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-152602

ABSTRACT

Os autores analisaram 28 casos de toxocariasis entre 1986 e 1994, estudam os achados clínicos e os resultados dos tratamentos cirúrgicos e clínicos, enfatizando a importância semiológica e dos achados laboratoriais


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Endophthalmitis/diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/statistics & numerical data , Granuloma/diagnosis , Toxocariasis/physiopathology
6.
Rev. mex. oftalmol ; 67(3): 92-6, mayo-jun. 1993. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-124663

ABSTRACT

La toxocariasis es una parasitosis de distribución mundial que afecta principalmente a niños y adolecentes. El globo coular es afectado en su segmento posterior, existiendo varias presentaciones clínicas. Este trabajo describe retrospectivamente 4 pacientes con un diagnóstico clinico y serológico de toxocariasis ocular. Los pacientes fueron tratados médicamente con albendazol y prednisona. El tratamiento quirúrgico consistió en vitrectomía y membranectomía. Los resultados visuales dependieron del sitio y tipo de lesión encontrada en la retina que condicionó la posibilidad de tratamiento quirúrgico, y no del tipo de evolución de la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Larva Migrans, Visceral/physiopathology , Larva Migrans, Visceral/therapy , Toxocariasis/physiopathology , Toxocariasis/parasitology , Eye Infections, Parasitic/physiopathology , Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Mebendazole/administration & dosage , Mebendazole/therapeutic use
7.
Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health [The]. 1993; 23 (2): 357-72
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-106962

ABSTRACT

In this study, the role of Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis infection in changing enzymatic activity that included in tryptophan metabolism via kynurenine pathway, and their effects on the activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases, was considered. Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis produce a significant inhibitory effect on the kynurenine hydrolase. They produce a significant increase in the activity of the free lysosomal alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases in liver. Trichinella spiralis produces a significant inhibitory effect on the kynurenine transaminase. Larvae of the Toxocara canis parasite can remain alive releasing their metabolites in the surrounding tissues for years. As a result of this fact, the inhibitory effect of the Toxocara canis infection on the kynurenine hydrolase led to the suggestion that the accumulated kynurenine may be metabolized to 3-hydroxy kynurenine which is considered as a potent carcinogen. Nematode Trichinella spiralis inhibits kynurenine transaminase and kynurenine hydrolase and may withdraw the tryptophan and metabolize it to serotonin as well as nematode Ascaridia galli which is capable to synthesize 5- hydroxytryptamine from tryptophan via 5-hydroxy tryptophan. The increase in the activity of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases after infection with both Trichinella spiralis and Toxocara canis larvae may be due to the increased fragility and rupture of lysosomes of the liver cells leading to the leakage of this lysosomal enzymes. Also, the rise in the enzyme activity indicates tissue damage which was attributed mostly to immunological nature. Detection of alpha- naphthylacetate esterases activity in urine and blood of patients infected with these tissue nematodes for long period should not be ignored, also detection and determination of the potent carcinogen 3- hydroxy kynurenine in urine of those patients is of urgent need


Subject(s)
Toxocariasis/physiopathology , Trichinellosis/physiopathology , Kynurenine/metabolism , /metabolism , Naphthol AS D Esterase/metabolism , Mice
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